Journal: Materials
Article Title: Use of Therapeutic Pathogen Recognition Receptor Ligands for Osteo-Immunomodulation
doi: 10.3390/ma14051119
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PRR ligands on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) osteogenic differentiation. ( A ) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in hMSCs after stimulation with PRR ligands in osteogenic differentiation medium for 10 days. hMSCs were stimulated with a concentration range of each PRR ligand . ALP activity was corrected for DNA content of the cells and normalized to the control in osteogenic medium. Results show the mean ± standard deviation for 3 MSC donors. ( B ) ALP activity for 7 individual MSC donors after stimulation with CpG ODN C or Poly(I:C). Results show the mean ± standard deviation of the technical triplicate performed per donor. ( C ) Immunocytochemical staining for intracellular osteocalcin (representative for 3 MSC donors) and osteonectin (green) (representative for 2 MSC donors) was performed in hMSCs after stimulation with CpG ODN C (1 µg/mL) and Poly(I:C) (10 µg/mL) in osteogenic medium for 14 days. The staining was compared to the isotype control (negative control) to confirm the specificity of the positive signal. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 200 µm. Mean intensity of the images was calculated using ImageJ and normalized to the control in osteogenic medium. Results show the mean ± standard deviation. ( D ) Alizarin Red S staining was performed after stimulation with CpG ODN C (1 µg/mL) and Poly(I:C) (10 µg/mL) for 21 days (representative for 7 MSC donors). Total amount of calcium deposited per well was quantified and normalized to the control in osteogenic medium. Results show the mean ± standard deviation for 7 MSC donors. Significance was tested using repeated-measures ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Article Snippet: Samples were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with 10 μg/mL mouse monoclonal antibody recognizing human osteocalcin (clone OCG4, Enzo Life Sciences, Zandhoven, Belgium) or 10 μg/mL anti-human osteonectin (AON-1, DSHB, Iowa City, IA, USA).
Techniques: Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Control, Standard Deviation, Staining, Negative Control